审查大学入学考试的中文翻译
官员应得的薪酬。 “我母亲说，“你不是三年来担任总理吗？像这样的官员不是我希望成为的官员。 A son to be very when his . Don't take you 't get into your house. Being a of the is , that is, being an son.您可以迅速将其带走。 “蒂安兹羞耻地走了出去，将黄金送回法庭，并要求他在法庭审判。国王认为他的母亲对她对正义的深刻理解非常善良和满意，所以他赦免了蒂安兹的罪过. Give the gold to his .
类型
示例句子
解释
规则摘要
Use words
For noun
One of the dogs sits in front ("Wolf")
狼
are used as nouns, or
Use words
For verbs
he was rude to Jin and was to Chu (" to Qin")
Slave two
are used as , the of
Use words
for
我看到了在丘奇湖上打包的故事（“ Tower Note”）
All, full
are used as to tell the of
（Yan）回答说：“不。我听说在远古时代，王子和美国都是全部。我该怎么办？美德的方式是获得贵族的力量。因此，Shun开始了一个农民，由于唐人的鄙视，皇帝在当今的世界中有三千个王子。 ？ 什么时候 he was , he to be a 's house. How can one get it? , the "Yi Zhuan" does not say it. 'If you are in the upper and have not the truth, you must act as and . If you are and , you will be in . , those who like their are ; those who do not have and want their are ; those who their are ; those who their will be ; , they are said: "If you are proud of your , you will not be able to make a void wish." 'These are all happy to be , and they are but have no real . , Yao had nine , Shun had seven , Yu had five , Tang had three , and Tang had three . Since times and the , those who have in the world , No. , the king is not to ask, and he is of his ;因此，那些实现自己的道德并在后来获得名望和名望的人是Yao，Shun，Yu，Tang和Zhou Wen。 Lao Tzu said: 'Even if it is noble, it must be cheap As the basis, even if the high is high, the must be the basis. , the and kings call the , the widow, and the must be the basis. Is it not the ?孤独和寡妇是被困在下层宝座中的人，侯爵夫人和国王说他们是自我报告的。 , isn't it of the and ? Yao on Shun, Shun on Yu, Zhou Zhou , and was for . , it is of the of the . " ( from "The of the ·Qi Ce")
, Shun and the of Yuebi. At the time of Tang, there were three . In today's world, there are -four who are "nine" in the south.
翻译：
参考答案：因此，Shun皇帝出生于农民，在偏远地区赚钱，并最终成为皇帝。在香唐时代，有三千名王子。 But now, there are only -four who call and .
[ ] Yan Yu : "No. I heard that in the times of Dayu, there were tens of of . Why was this ? It was they a set of to , the国家，热爱人民，对学者的重视，并善于利用他们的才华，因此苏恩出生于农民，在偏远地区发了大财 . In the Shang Tang era, there were three . But now, only -four were and . . From this point of view, isn't this by the gains and of the ? If the are and , then they just want to do How could it be for the in the alley? , the Book of says, "If the do not value , are good at using their , and do some down-to-earth work, they just like them If they fraud and make false , they will go to the wrong path of pride and ; if they are proud and , will .因此，如果他们没有实际的效果，但只有空名，他们的领土将减少，其民族力量将变得较弱。 if they do not have good , their will not be good , those who hope to be happy will be in a ; those who have not made but only want to enjoy their will be . It will lead to harm. 'So, it is said: 'Those who like to be great and happy to be good will not be able to ; those who speak empty words but do not will not their . 'This is the of those who love fame, are fond of , and have no in the and the . , Yao had nine , Shun had seven and , Yu had five , and Tang had three . From times to the , there has never been a who could the of . , the king not It is a shame to ask , and you not feel of from . , your words and deeds are in line with the laws of , and you can be both and , but can be . The fame and in later , such as Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, and King Wen of Zhou, are like this. Laozi说：“贵族必须基于低调，而高高必须基于以下方面。因此，王子和国王声称自己是孤独，丧偶，而不是严重的。是贵族吗？ of the ? Do you value the proof of ? The proof of Yao was in Shun, the proof of Shun was in Yu, and King Cheng of Zhou Zhou , and they have them as wise from to . This is they know the value of . "
2. of
(I)
—— the and add them to "yes"
The most of is that they do not use the word "yes" to it, but often let nouns or noun act as to judge the . The forms are used in to :
示例句子
Types of
Xiang Bo, the left Yin of Chu, was also the of Xiang Yu (" ")
"…………………………”
① : Wu , Gong Gu, Yu's (" Stone Pond")
②Pei Gong was the one who in Fan Kuai (" ")
"That is" and "That is"
A is not a life, but he is good at lie in (" ")
"Yes"
①My is a (" to the ")
② Now the are and the is lowly ("The Bible")
No sign word
I don't know that Mulan is a girl ("Mulan Poem")
"Yes"
①This is the grand view of Tower (" Tower Note")
②These are all good and , and their are loyal (" to the ")
③The one who was was the Fusu ("Chen She ")
④Now are the only one who is the knife and I am the fish (" ")
⑤Is this not Cao 's poem? ("Red Cliff Fu")
Use the word list of "制, all, one, one, one, one, one" to the , and use the word list of "制, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one,一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一个，一one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one
Huan杜克（Duke Huan）问瓜齐（）：“库（Chu）是山东的一个强大国家，其人民熟悉战斗的方式。如果您抚养部队攻击他，您可能无法做任何事情，您的部队对Chu会不利. What can you do if you do it?"关兹回答：“只是与战斗作战。” The way is right. "The Duke said, "What does it mean?" , "The Duke is the noble to buy the deer."
Duke Huan raw deer even if he was in Chu. Huan to to the that he would hide six out of ten . He the left Sima to cast Bai Tu and mint coins on . The Wang Yi the to carry 20 yuan to in Chu. When the King of Chu heard this, he told his , "That money is what value, why the , and why the wise ruler it for merit. Birds and are all harms, and what the wise king and it. Now we buy it with its value and value. The harm of my is the of Chu. is to make Qi Chu. I told my that they were eager to the deer, so as to the of Qi. "The of Chu that they and ate the deer.关齐告诉楚一家，他说：“我给了我一只鹿，我给了我一百公斤的黄金，甚至一千公斤的黄金。这就是为什么楚没有把它交给人们并用足够的钱。 “
（1）Chu是山东一个强大的国家，其人民学习战斗方式。
翻译：
（2）这笔钱是人们重视的，为什么该国的存在以及为什么明智的统治者奖励它是值得的。
翻译：
(3) Birds and are all , and they are by the king of wise.
翻译：
: (1) Chu State is a east of the , and its are with the way of . ("... is also the of...)
(2) Coins are that value. The uses it to , and the wise uses it to . ("…,……” )
(3) are the of the and are and by the wise . ("... is also the of...)
[ ] Duke Huan asked Guan Zhong: "The State of Chu is a east of the , and its are with the way of . If (if) send to it, I am that (our) be than (Chu). The army was by Chu. What I do about this? "Guan Zhong , "Just use the way of to deal with it." Duke Huan said, "How do you say this?" Guan Zhong , "You buy Chu's high price Born deer.”
Duke Huan sent to Chu State to buy raw deer. Guan Zhong asked Duke Huan to the to store six out of ten of the grain. Zuo Sima led the civil to to mint coins. The Wang Yi sent him to Chu State to buy the raw deer.在听到此消息后，楚国王告诉他的总理：“硬币是人们珍视的东西。该国利用它来生存，而明智的君主则用它来奖励有利的官员。野兽是人民的灾难，被遗弃了明智的君主现在使用珍贵的宝藏来购买我们的野兽。您通知我们的人民尽快搜寻鹿。关东对楚的商人说：“如果你卖给我下一个生命的鹿，如果有20头，你会给你100公斤硬币，如果有100头，如果有100头，如果有100公斤，如果有100公斤硬币100 heads. In this way, even if the Chu State does not taxes from the , It's also to use."
（2）被动句子
——See the and them into the of "jump"
被动句子是指主体与谓词之间的被动关系。主题是被谓词动词代表的行为的被动者，而不是主动动词或执行该行为的人的人。被动句子主要具有以下表格：
示例句子
被动句子的类型
所有的六种艺术和经文都是实践的，它们不受时代的约束（“老师的谈话”）
“ yu”句子：谓词 + yu
① Qin City is it will not be found, and only are seen (" of Lian Po and Lin ")
② I am that I will Zhao Zhao when I see you the king (" of Lian Po and Lin ")
"See" : see +
（或：请参阅 +谓词 + at）
我不能筹集吴的所有土地，十万人受到他人的控制（“红色悬崖之战”）
“其”句子：其 +谓词 +
为什么人们死了，为什么他们嘲笑世界？ ("On the Over Qin ")
"心" : 心 + verb
① Have such a , and it was by the Qin who power ("Six ")
② If not, if all of them are (" ")
"For what" and "For what"
The dance hall is blew away by the wind and rain ("· of ")
"再"
And Liu was sick ("The ")
signs
( of )
Guo Quan, whose name is , was from , .他被提升为金希，并晋升为博士学位。 in . He was to the of State . He was as the elder of his and was . Huo Liang, a of the state, died of a false crime for his enemy. The was sent to him and him to the truth. At that time, Song Shou came out to be the of , and Du Yan was in and him: "Shou has a to study, and Yan is clear and , so it is not to be . “他还说：“韦申军队的州长Qian ，没有去钦州，他注定要去钦州。他寻找总理的职位；他的弟弟Wei Ji 总经理，所以他问to move to the rear; Hu then the envoy of the three for his , and was then to the of Works. He asked Fu Wei Ji to the Tao, and Wei Ji's power, and he would his life if he him." He also Liu 's , Dr. and taxes.他被转移到寺庙的部和莱佐州州长。
（1）该州居民Huo Liang因敌人的虚假罪行而死。 The was sent to him and him to the truth.
翻译：
(2) Hu Ze the envoy of the Three for his and was to the of Works.
翻译：
(3) It also Liu 's of , Dr. and .
翻译：
: (1) The "for" in " Huo Liang a crime for his enemy" . (2) "Hu then the Three for his " is a with no signs. The "stop" in the be as "". (3) " and " is a with no signs. The "" in the be as " to".
: (1) Huo Liang, a of the state, be by his enemy, and the from it, . Guo him to be from his crime.
(2) Hu Ze was of the Three for his , but was to of Works.
(3) They also the grace of Liu 's and were to Dr. and .
[ ] Guo Quan's name is , and he was from , . After the , he was to Ph.D. in and was to the . his was old, he and was and was as the . Huo Liang, a of the state, was by his enemy and be .仆人从中接受了财产，并造成了不公正的监狱。郭建议他免于犯罪。 At that time, Song Shou went to the court to be the of , and Du Yan in .郭说服：“ Song Shou具有文学才华和知识，Du Yan是诚实和正直的，因此不应将他送到当地。”他还说：“武申军队的州长Qian 是武申军队的一名成员。他推迟了他在钦州的辞职，并垂涎了北京总理的职位。他的弟弟Qian Weiji目前是一般是将军 of and for a to leave the post of the post; Hu Ze was from the Three for his , but was to劳动部长。请敦促他敦促他敦促他敦促他敦促他敦促他to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to urge him to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to rush to Yan to the , Qian Weiji's power, and the of Hu Ze. "He also the grace of Liu 's and was to and . He was as the of the and the of .
（iii）对象的初步句子
—— the form, the to the verb after
In , is after the and is used to "who" or "what"; in , the is often the verb, which is . There are three types:
示例句子
Types of in
Why are you here to fuck me? (" ")
in are used as
① , it is not king, but there is no such thing as ("I am to the ")
② Avoid not being ("Zou Ji's of King Qi's ")
in are used as
①When the , you don't know it, and you don't it ("'s Talk")
② - (ie)
Use "一" or "yes" as a sign to the
The Tang lord King Jing of Qi as the crown . King of Yan was moved to King Qi and led the of and . Jing Sui once with the Yan and the Zhang Yi for some . Jing Sui是客人，并与Jade Cup一起玩，但他没有照顾好它。 Yi said, "Your but is to men." He took the jade cup to the and broke it, and was . Jing then gave him a favor and him, and for Yi to .
Jing Sui once with the Yan and the Zhang Yi for some . Jing Sui是客人，并与Jade Cup一起玩，但他没有照顾好它。
翻译：
: Li once had a party with his in the , and Zhang Yi, the of the , him, while Li was the that he was the jade cup and did not look back on他。
[参考翻译]南部唐·洛德（Tang Lord）任命齐王国王为王储。 Yan的国王Li 被更名为QI国王，并指挥了所有部队和马匹的元帅。 Li once had a party with his in the , and Zhang Yi, the of the , him, while Li was the that he was the jade cup and did not look back on him.张Yi生气地说：“您的殿下重视宝藏并鄙视学者！”他抓住了玉杯，摔倒在地上并砸碎了它，每个人都感到震惊。李金然后向张Yi道歉，从那以后，他对张Yi更加重视。
（iv）省略句子
- - 分析上下文并将其补充为完整的句子
根据习惯省略某个单词或某个组成部分的古典句子中的句子称为省略句子。 There are of the past, the post-men, the , the , the of and . There are five main forms of :
示例句子
Types of
①(官网) sent me to the army, and the (" ")
② Fan Kuai said, "What is the today?" Liang said, "(Today's ) is very !" (" ")
Omit the
① the good ones and them, and () the bad ones and them (The of )
② He knelt down and the King of Qin (to the fire). The King of Qin to the (" of Lian Po and Lin ")
Omit the
①Xiang Bo was sent to Pei Gong's army at night, and met Zhang Liang , and told him (it was a story) (" ")
② The plan for (" ")
Omit the
Next ( to the )
Omit the
Make (it) play songs ("Pipa Xing")
On the first day of the first month of Jiawu, I the and read the Ji , and I kept day and night. I had a sick eye and had a look. I sat in the lower for three . A the title of the and wrote them . Later, if about them, he would not dare to . When I the , I the noon on the day, and the was sent to an old 's room. The he were from the head of the , Mr. Li, who was not good at the exam.他命令他回到顶部，但信件不好，他回到了顶部，信件消失了，老师愤怒地哭了。杜克简短地写了七本书，问老师说：“七卷不是很好，所以我可以把它们作为微笑。” The Duke said, "I'll get it if I laugh!" When the Duke saw it, he his hands and said it was great. Wash the roll and add dan lead. The Book of uses the great to write Yuan, by Gong Sanyi, and the rest are all high-.
A the title of the and wrote them . Later, if about them, he would not dare to .
翻译：
: A with each other using the test in the . The (test ) were into his ears . Later, when about (test ), he his ears and dared not . [“一个朋友讨论了圣经的标题”，稍后再没有“经典标题”，翻译时应该补充它； "enter the ear" be "enter (in) ear", and the "enter" is ; " the ears and plug them into the ears. …” The ]
[参考翻译]在斋戒年的第一个月球的第一天，我的祖父进入了南杜（Nandu）并在吉明山（ ）学习。 He from eye and under the for three . My with each other using the test in the .一旦将（测试问题）引入他的耳朵，这篇文章就立即形成。后来，当他谈论（测试问题）时，他挡住了耳朵，敢于不听。我参加了帝国考试，并在中午之前完成了文章，并将文章分发给了老老师的房间。老老师将他选择的文章介绍给了首席审查员李智。 Li Jiu，我责骂文章不够好，并命令第二次提交文章。介绍的文章还不够好。我再次提交。房间里的文章将在第四和第五次发表。房间里的文章快要完成了。老师很生气。哭。审查员检查了他提交的文章缺少七本书，并问老师说：“这七卷文章非常不平衡，所以我只能像开玩笑一样留下来。”审查员说：“快点拿起所谓的笑话！”它与丹·雷德（Dan Lead）。 “《变化书》的主题”将祖父分类为第一，锣sanyi是第二名，而其他人则是更高的。
（v）固定句子表格
- - 清楚地看到固定的结构词，以及固定的格式和翻译
固定句子结构也称为固定结构。它的语法特征是，它被某些语音不同的单词凝结，固定在句法格式中，表达了一种新的语法含义，这种含义很长时间以来一直是习惯和不变的。精通这些句子可以通过一半的努力获得两倍的结果，这对于快速，正确地翻译古典中文非常有帮助。 Now we will fixed as :
1. A fixed that
我能做些什么？ But...what?
该怎么办？ What I do if I put it... how?为什么？
怎么了？
如何？怎么样？该怎么办？
为什么……？
to what...?为什么...？为什么？怎么可能？
什么...？
所以呢？
如何？
Right...what to do?
Who is more than..., and...?
with... which one...?
to..., who is more...?
为什么？
什么原因？为什么？如何？
(1) Pei Gong said, "I have left now, but I haven't said , what can I do for it?" (" ")
: Pei Gong said: " he has come out now, he has not said to King Xiang. What I do?"
(2) What if you laugh at a steps with fifty steps? ("I am the ")
: How about it? I at for only fifty steps and ran a steps?
(3) How to ? ("Ji's is about to ") : Why it?
(4) Ask the girl what she and what she ? ("Mulan Poem")
: Ask your what she is ? Ask your what she ?
(5) With the power of the king, I have never been able to harm Kuifu's hill, such as and ? (" Duke ")
: With your , you can't even cut off the hill of Kuifu, and how about it? (and) and (two )?
(6) Who is the King of Qin when he Lian as the King of Qin? ( of Lian Po and Lin ) : Do you think that Lian is more than King Qin?
2. Fixed that
为什么...？
How can it be...
做什么的？
为什么...
我还应该做什么？
Why... what?
什么...？
How can it be...
那……？
怎么会...
是（这个）...吗？ （哦，是的，邪恶）？
在哪里...可以...？
如何... ”
是平庸的...吗？
如何...？
在哪里...
如何...
Isn't that a...
Isn't it...?
...不是...？
…不是…？
Gu...?
可能是...？
Isn't it just...?
可能是...？
(1) If you are a , how can you be rich and noble? ("Chen She ") : You are a to farm, where do you get ?
(2) , are the sword and the meat of fish, so why I say that? (" ")
: , are like the knife and anvil used for . We are like the fish and meat for on the anvil. What else we say ?
(3) said, "If you hear the words of Zi, how can you come after that?" （“ 摧毁了Wu”）
: : "How can it be too late to hear what you said by ?"
(4) How can the of the and the be ? (The of , Weizi) : How can the of the and the be ?
(5) If Gong Pei didn't break first, how dare you enter? (" ") : If Pei Gong hadn't first , how could you dare to enter the pass!
(6) My is the way. Do you know that the years were born in me? ("'s Talk") : I am the truth, no he is older than me (or) than me?
3. A fixed that
什么
Why so, why so, how so...ah
...ear
只是...
Only...ear
只是...
(1) Say: "No, you can't be , you can't walk a steps, you can also walk." ("I am about the ")
: (King Hui of Liang) said: "No. It's just that I didn't run a steps, so that I'm just away."
(2) There is else, but you can know your hands and ears. ("Oil Man")
: There is no other , it's just a one!
4. Fixed that
翻译格式
Not... (and)?
I'm ... I'm ...
Have ...
Is there to do?
大概吧？ I'm ... 't it... Can it be...?
是...吗？
不是...
.......... and (or)?
…Maybe…right?
(1) Is Wun's fault? ("Ji's is about to ")
: I'm this is your fault?
(2) Is it true that you can see ? （“ Tower Notes”）
: Can the by their of be ?
(3) A is by a witch and , but now his is his reach.这很奇怪吗？ ("Talk of ")
: like witch , , and are the so- upper class do not with. Now are not as smart as these . Isn't it !
5. Fixed that
What's more than...?
than..., it's ...?
What is... evil (yeah), what is... evil (yeah)?
Is it... or...?
(1) of being in front of it, who is more than not being it; than being happy in the body, who is more than being in the heart. ( to Li Yuan to to Pangu)
: of being in , it is not to be the ; than in body, it is not to be in your heart.
(2) Is his true evil?什么是遥远的，什么都没有到达极端邪恶？ ("")
: Maybe it's the real color of God? Or is it too far to reach its end?
6. Fixed the tone of
没办法，没办法
There is no use or for..., no use, no way, no way, no
Have ...
There are... , , , , , , ,
没有什么...
There is no... (, , ), ..., no place..., no way, no ...
比较
等到...
(1) After my life, I said, "The king and Pei Gong drink with him. There is no joy in the army. dance with a sword." (" ")
: After the toast, (Xiang ) said: "The king and Pei Gong drank, there is in the army for . allow me to dance the sword!"
(2) Now, I am a poor of the , and I am . I am and , and I am very . How dare I and have some hope? ("The ")
: Now I am a lowly of a that has been . He is and . He has and is . How dare I and wait and see? What kind of ?
(3) Now that we have the pass, there is to take in money and to be with women. This is not the only . (" ")
: Now that he , there is to money and no one is by his wives and . This shows that his is not small!
7. Fixed for table
真挚地...
If... then (just)...
然而
Since that's the case, then; if so, then
(1) When Cheng his mouth to ask Ru Ji, Ru Ji would make a , and he would get the tiger and seize the Jin Bi army... (" Jun the to save Zhao")
: If the young asks Ru Ji and Ru Ji will agree, then he can get the tiger and seize Jin Bi's army...
(2) , the land of the is , the of the Qin are , the more they , and the more they . ("Six ")
: Since this is the case, the land of the is , and the of the rape of Qin is not . The more land the give to Qin, the more it will be for Qin to the .
8. Fixed form that the
然而
但; (Since) that, then
虽然
Even so, (but), even so
[For ]
12. the .
(1) Those who are wear silk and eat meat, and the are not or cold, but they are not kings. ("I am the ")
: It is never for a in his to wear silk and eat meat. The are not and . In this way, they be and king.
(2) , there is still a tree. ("")
: Even so, there is still that has never been ().
9. Other fixed
He Nai
你为什么这样做
Both... and...
And...and...
And
, and
所以
So,
所以
So, ,
所谓的
What is said, what is
Haven't tried
Never, never
Which, what
为什么？
叫做
Call him yes, say he yes; call him yes, call him
所以
The , why..., why..., the used, the used, are used, the used, the () ), rely on it...
, ...
So, ...
思考……
Think of it as..., treat it as...; let it be..., use it as...; use it as..., use it as..., use it as...
思考
Think he (it) is, think; use it to
...
It is , that is, it ; this is ; that is, it means
至于
It's here, until it's there, and , it's... the , it's time
[For ]
13. the .
(1) , the sage will the sage, and the will the . ("Talk of ")
: , the are more wise and the fools are even more .
(2) If the has no , he will not be able to live to this day; if the has no , he will not be able to live to the rest of his life. The and the are more to be , so they be . ("The ")
: If my has no , I live to this day; if my has no , I spend my old age in peace. Our and on each other for their own ends. , we have this kind of heart to and are to give up the of and from afar.
(3) Those who have away are like this, but have never gone there; those who have empty are like that, but those who have gone away grow or grow. ("Red Cliff Fu")
: The river water flows like this, but it never . The moon is round and lacks, but it ends up not or .
(4) The is the one who the , karma and . ("Talk of ")
: are who teach , teach , and .
(5) How could King Zhao the evil of Qin of a jade? ( of Lian Po and Lin )
: Will King Zhao Qin of a piece of Heshi Bi?
(6) So Yan Hebo was happy and took the of the world as his own. (" Water")
: So He Bo (the God of the River) was happy and that all the in the world was here.
Cai Ze was from Yan, who to study in Gan and was a .当我离开赵时，我看到了朱。在汉和魏（Han and Wei）上，他们在途中遇到了一个大锅和一个大锅，而凯Ze进入了Qin West。 When he was about to meet King Zhao, he sent to his anger to the Qin prime Fan Ju, , "Yan guest Cai Ze, is a and wise man in the world. When he saw King Qin, the Qin King would trap the king and seize the of the king." When Fan Ju heard this, he sent to him.的。 When Cai Ze , he bowed to Fan Ju, but Fan Ju was not happy; when he saw him, he was also . Fan Ju asked him to say, "I once that I to Qin, but would you have it? hear his words!" Cai Ze said, "If the Shang lord of Qin, the Wuqi of Chu, and the Grand of Yue, then he would be the same as . Can you do it? "Fan Ju knew that Cai Ze to him and said , "What's wrong! If these three sons are the most , the of . , a dies with and death as if he is home. It is to die than to be . are To , only the is where the truth lies. Even if you die, you will have no . What is wrong? "Cai Ze said: "Now, , Wu Qi, and Dafu Zong are . This is the case; the king is not. , it is known as the Three . If a son has his but did not see , would he be to die in the world? If a wife has , would she to evil! Those who have both body and name are the best. Those who die in the law are . The name is the and body and body are the . The whole thing is the lower one." So Fan Ju him for his . Then he went to sit and the guest.
( from " of the Grand : of Fan Ju and Cai Ze")
[Note] ① Fuli: . ②Three sons: to Shang Jun, Wu Qi, and Dafu Zong, who were all .
the with lines in the text into .
(1) Cai Ze was from Yan, who to study in Gan and was a .当我离开赵时，我看到了朱。
翻译：
(2) What is not ! If these three sons are the most and , they are loyal.
翻译：
(3) Isn't the wife's to the evil?那些拥有身体和名字的人是最好的。第二个是可以称为佛法并在体内死亡的名称。这个名字是杀死和充满屈辱的人。
翻译：
: (1) of , and . "... means..." means , and the "Cai Ze" is in the . "See" means . "口" means "". (2) of the of the (“what” be “why”) and the . "... means..." means ; "what is" is as "why"; "solid" is as "". (3) of and . ",..." means , "", which is as ""; " and " means and "being ". "Full", an is used as a verb, "".
: (1) Cai Ze is from Yan State. He and from his (none of them had no to get). He in Zhao State and was .
(2) Why not? These three are the and and the of .
(3) Do not in order to make ? Life and fame are , this is the best wish. Fame and can make but lose their lives, and this is the first time. Fame is , but life is . This is the best wait.
[ ] Cai Ze is from Yan State. He and from his (none of them had no to get). He in Zhao State and was . He went to Han and Wei again. On the way, the he were by , so Cai Ze had to go west to Qin. Cai Ze was about to meet King Zhao of Qin, so he sent to to anger the prime of Qin Fan Ju, , "Cai Ze, a of Yan, is a wise man with and great in the world. When he met him, he said King Qin, King Qin will you and (Cai Ze) will seize your ." After Fan Ju heard about it, he sent to Cai Ze to see him. When Cai Zejin met, he only gave a long bow (and did not bow down). Fan Ju was at first; after him, Cai Ze's was and . Fan Ju then him and said, "You once to me as the prime of Qin. Is there wrong? allow me to to your !" Cai Ze said, "Like the of Qin and the Chu king. Can the of Wu Qi and Yue like this? Can they also be used as a wish for ? "Fan Ju that Cai Ze these three to use these words to block his mouth, so he . The was: "Why not? These three are the and and the of . , a can be in order to and and death as if he is home. It is to die for than to be and by . The are There are those who have by . As long as and are still there, there is no even if they die. Why not? "Cai Ze said: "Shang Jun, Wu Qi, and Dafu Zong did the right thing as ; but those were wrong . , say that these three have their and piety but have not good . Do you envy them for not good and die in vain? Do do not to be safe when ? Life and fame are , which is the most thing Good . Fame and fame can make life by later but lost, this is the first wait. Fame is , but life is , this is the best wait." this, Fan Ju Xu Caize Words. So he was to take the seat and wait for the of honor.
2. Read the below and the .
Liang once and on the Xia Pi . An old , who was in brown , came to Liang's place and fell down from his . Gu said to Liang, "My son, take the !" Liang's eran to beat him up. For his , be and take the lead. My said, "Pick my way!" In order to get the good , he knelt down and it for a long time.父以足受，笑而去。良殊大惊，随目之。父去里所，复还，曰：“孺子可教矣。后五日平明，与我会此。”良因怪之，跪曰：“诺。”五日平明，良往。父已先在，怒曰：“与老人期，后，何也？”去，曰：“后五日早会。”五日鸡鸣，良往。父又先在，复怒曰：“后，何也？”去，曰：“后五日复早来。”五日，良夜未半往。有顷，父亦来，喜曰：“当如是。”出一编书，曰：“读此则为王者师矣。后十年兴。十三年孺子见我济北，谷城山下黄石即我矣。”遂去，无他言，不复见。旦日视其书，乃太公兵法也。
良因异之，常习诵读之。(选自《史记·留侯世家》)
将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)有一老父，衣褐，至良所，直堕其履圯下，顾谓良曰：“孺子，下取履！”
翻译：
(2)父曰：“履我！”良业为取履，因长跪履之。
翻译：
(3)“十三年孺子见我济北，谷城山下黄石即我矣。”遂去，无他言，不复见。旦日视其书，乃太公兵法也。
翻译：
解析：(1)省略句的翻译，后面分句承前省略主语“老父”。“衣”，名词活用作动词，“穿”。(2)省略句的翻译。“履”，名词活用作动词，“给……穿鞋”。最后一句承前省略主语“良”。(3)判断句和省略句的翻译。“即”和“乃”表判断；后面两个大句子，除分句“不复见”省略宾语，其余皆省略了主语。
参考答案：(1)有一个老翁，穿着麻布衣服，走到张良所在的地方，把自己的鞋子扔到桥下面，回头对张良说：“小子，下去把我的鞋子取上来！”
(2)老翁又说：“给我穿上！”张良已经替他取回了鞋子，于是就跪下给他穿上。
(3)“十三年后你会在济北见到我，谷城山下的黄石就是我。”于是离去，没有再说别的话，再也没有出现。天明以后张良看这本书，原来是《太公兵法》。
[参考译文]张良曾经闲暇的时候在下邳县桥上散步游玩，有一个老翁，穿着麻布衣服，走到张良所在的地方，把自己的鞋子扔到桥下面，回头对张良说：“小子，下去把我的鞋子取上来！”张良很惊愕，想打他。看他年老，强行忍住了，下去取回了鞋子。老翁又说：“给我穿上！”张良已经替他取回了鞋子，于是就跪下给他穿上。老翁伸着脚让张良给他穿上以后，大笑着走了。张良非常惊奇，目送老翁很远。老翁走了大约一里路，又回来，说：“小子可以教诲。五天后黎明，与我在此相会。”张良更加奇怪，跪在地上说：“好。”五天后黎明，张良It's here.老翁已经先到了，大怒说：“和老人约定会面，却比我后到，为什么呢？”又走了，并说：“五天后早来。”五天后鸡刚一啼鸣，张良又来Now.老翁又先到了，又大怒说：“又晚来，为什么？”又走了，说：“五天后要早来。”五天后，张良不到半夜就来了。过了一会，老翁也到了，高兴地说：“应该像这样。”拿出一本书，说：“读这本书就能做皇帝的老师。十年后你将会发达。十三年后你会在济北见到我，谷城山下的黄石就是我。”于是离去，没有再说别的话，再也没有出现。天明以后张良看这本书，原来是《太公兵法》。
张良因此感到奇异，经常学习诵读这本书。
3.阅读下面的文言文，完成后面的题目。
魏庞涓伐韩。韩请救于齐。齐威王召大臣而谋曰：“蚤救孰与晚救？”成侯曰：“不如勿救。”田忌曰：“弗救则韩且折而入于魏，不如蚤救之。”孙膑曰：“夫韩、魏之兵未弊而救之，是吾代韩受魏之兵，顾反听命于韩也。且魏有破国之志，韩见亡，必东面而诉于齐矣。吾因深结韩之亲而晚承魏之弊，则可受重利而得尊名也。”王曰：“善！”乃阴许韩使而遣之。韩因恃齐，五战不胜，而东委国于齐。(选自《资治通鉴·周纪》)
将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)韩请救于齐。齐威王召大臣而谋曰：“蚤救孰与晚救？”
翻译：
(2)夫韩、魏之兵未弊而救之，是吾代韩受魏之兵，顾反听命于韩也。
翻译：
解析：(1)“韩请救于齐”是介词结构后置句，“蚤”通“早”，“孰与”是固定句式。(2)“兵”是“军队”的意思；“是……”相当于固定句式，可译为“这是……”；“顾”是“反而、却”的意思。
参考答案：(1)韩国派使臣向齐国求救。齐威王召集大臣商议说：“早救(韩国)与晚救(韩国)相比，哪一个更好呢？”
(2)韩国、魏国的军队没有疲敝，我们就去救援，这是我们代替韩国承受魏国军队的攻击，反而听命于韩国了。
[参考译文]魏国的庞涓攻打韩国。韩国派使臣向齐国求救。齐威王召集大臣商议说：“早救(韩国)与晚救(韩国)相比，哪一个更好呢？”成侯邹忌说：“不如不救。”田忌说：“我们不救韩国，韩国将会灭亡并且被魏国吞并，(我们)还是早些出兵救援为好。”孙膑说：“韩国、魏国的军队没有疲敝，我们就去救援，这是我们代替韩国承受魏国军队的攻击，反而听命于韩国了。况且这次魏国有吞并韩国的野心，待到韩国快灭亡时，一定会向东再来恳求齐国。(那时我们再出兵，)既可以加深与韩国的亲密关系，又可以趁魏国军队的疲敝(攻打它)，就可以一举两得，名利双收。”齐威王说：“好！”便暗中答应韩国使臣的求救，让他回去(却迟迟不出兵)。韩国以为能依仗齐国，(便奋力抵抗，)但五次大战都大败而归，只好把国家的命运寄托在东边的齐国身上。
4.阅读下面的文言文，完成后面的题目。
太史公曰：吾闻之周生曰，“舜目盖重瞳子”。又闻项羽亦重瞳子。羽岂其苗裔邪？何兴之暴也！夫秦失其政，陈涉首难，豪杰蜂起，相与并争，不可胜数。然羽非有尺寸，乘势起陇亩之中，三年，遂将五诸侯灭秦，分裂天下而封王侯，政由羽出，号为“霸王”。位虽不终，近古以来未尝有也。 When Yu was care about Chu, Yi and , and the kings and for . It was .自矜功伐，奋其私智而不师古，谓霸王之业，欲以力征经营天下，五年卒亡其国，身死东城，尚不觉寤，而不自责，过矣。 It is a that " me, it is not the crime of using force." Isn't that a ! (选自《史记·项羽本纪》)
将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)夫秦失其政，陈涉首难，豪杰蜂起，相与并争，不可胜数。
翻译：
(2)自矜功伐，奋其私智而不师古，谓霸王之业，欲以力征经营天下。
翻译：
(3)五年卒亡其国，身死东城，尚不觉寤，而不自责，过矣。
翻译：
解析：(1)省略句的翻译；蜂，名词作状语，像蜂一样。(2)师，名词的意动用法，以……为师。(3)亡，动词的使动用法，使……灭亡；宾语前置句的翻译，代词“自”作动词“责”的前置宾语。
参考答案：(1)秦王朝政治失策，陈涉首先发难，(之后各路)豪杰像蜂群一样飞起，一起争夺(天下)，多得数也数不清。
(2)(他)自己炫耀自己的功勋，逞个人才智，却不效仿古人，自以为霸王之业已成，想凭借武力来征服和治理天下。
(3)经过五年战争，终于使自己的国家灭亡了，自己死(在)东城，却仍然不觉悟，更不责备自己，那就错了。
[参考译文]
太史公说：我从周先生那里听说，“舜的眼睛大概是双瞳孔”。又听说项羽也是双瞳孔。项羽难道是舜的后代？怎么兴起得这么突然呢？秦王朝政治失策，陈涉首先发难，(之后各路)豪杰像蜂群一样飞起，一起争夺(天下)，多得数也数不清。可是项羽并没有什么根基(包括土地和权势)，而是乘天下大乱的形势在民间起事，三年的时间，就率领五国诸侯(楚外的五国反秦武装)灭秦，分割天下的土地，封赏王侯，一切政令都由项羽颁布，号称“霸王”。“霸王”的权位虽然不能维持到底，可是这显赫的功业是近古以来不曾有过的。等到项羽放弃关中，怀念楚国(而东归)，放逐义帝自立为王，(干了这些失策失人心的事，)却埋怨诸侯背叛自己，这样想要成就霸业就很难了。(他)自己炫耀自己的功勋，逞个人才智，却不效仿古人，自以为霸王之业已成，想凭借武力来征服和治理天下，经过五年战争，终于使自己的国家灭亡了，自己死(在)东城，却仍然不觉悟，更不责备自己，那就错了。竟然称说“上天要灭亡我，不是我用兵的过错”，难道不荒谬吗？
5.阅读下面的文言文，完成后面的题目。
伯夷、叔齐，孤竹君之二子也。父欲立叔齐，及父卒，叔齐让伯夷。伯夷曰：“父命也。”遂逃去。叔齐亦不肯立而逃之。国人立其中子。于是伯夷、叔齐闻西伯昌善养老，盍往归焉。及至，西伯卒，武王载木主，号为文王，东伐纣。伯夷、叔齐叩马而谏曰：“父死不葬，爰及干戈，可谓孝乎？以臣弑君，可谓仁乎？”左右欲兵之。太公曰：“此义人也。”扶而去之。武王已平殷乱，天下宗周，而伯夷、叔齐耻之，义不食周粟，隐于首阳山，采薇而食之。及饿且死，作歌。其辞曰：“登彼西山兮，采其薇矣。以暴易暴兮，不知其非矣。神农、虞、夏忽焉没兮，我安适归矣？于嗟徂兮，命之衰矣！”遂饿死于首阳山。(选自《史记·伯夷列传》)
将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)于是伯夷、叔齐闻西伯昌善养老，盍往归焉。
翻译：
(2)伯夷、叔齐耻之，义不食周粟，隐于首阳山，采薇而食之。
翻译：
解析：(1)“于是”，古今异义词，译为“在这时”；“闻”译为“听说”；“老”，形容词用作名词，译为“老人”；“盍”译为“何不”；“焉”，代词，代指西伯昌。(2)“耻”，意动用法，“认为……是耻辱的”；“义”，名词用作动词，译为“坚持道义”；后三句都是省略句，应补出主语；“薇”是野菜。
参考答案：(1)在这时，伯夷、叔齐听说西伯昌能够很好地赡养老人，就想何不去投奔他呢。
(2)伯夷、叔齐却认为这是耻辱的事情，他们坚持道义，不吃周朝的粮食，隐居在首阳山上，靠采摘野菜充饥。
[参考译文]伯夷、叔齐是孤竹君的两个儿子。父亲想要立叔齐为国君，等到父亲死后，叔齐要把君位让给伯夷。伯夷说：“这是父亲的遗命啊！”于是(伯夷)逃走了。叔齐不肯继承君位也逃走了。国人只好拥立孤竹君的次子。在这时，伯夷、叔齐听说西伯昌能够很好地赡养老人，就想何不去投奔他呢。 (可是)到了那里，西伯昌已经死了，他的儿子武王把他的木制灵牌载在兵车上，并追尊西伯昌为文王，向东进兵去讨伐商纣。伯夷、叔齐勒住武王战马的缰绳谏诤说：“父亲死了不去安葬，就发动战争，能说是孝顺吗？作为臣子去杀害君主，能说是仁义吗？”(武王)身边的随从想要杀掉他们。太公吕尚说：“这是有道义的人啊。”于是搀扶着他们离去。等到武王平定了殷商的暴乱，天下都归顺了周朝，可是伯夷、叔齐却认为这是耻辱的事情，他们坚持道义，不吃周朝的粮食，隐居在首阳山上，靠采摘野菜充饥. (他们)到了快要饿死的时候，作了一首歌。那歌词是：“登上那西山啊，采摘那里的野菜。以暴臣取代暴君啊，竟认识不到那是错误的。神农、虞、夏的太平盛世转眼消失了，哪里才是我们的归宿？哎呀，只有死啊，命运是这样地不济！”于是(他们)饿死在首阳山。
二、高考综合练
阅读下面的文言文，完成6～9题。(18分)
家谱记
归有光
有光七八岁时，见长老，则牵衣问先世故事。盖缘幼年失母，居常不自释，于死者恐不得知，于生者恐不得事，实创巨而痛深也。
归氏至于有光之生，而日益衰。源远而末分，口多而心异。自吾祖及诸父而外，贪鄙诈戾者，往往杂出于其间。率百人而聚，无一人知学者。率十人而学，无一人知礼义者。贫穷而不知恤，顽钝而不知教。死不相吊，喜不相庆；入门而私其妻子，出门而诳其父兄。平时呼召友朋，或费千钱，而岁时荐祭，则计杪忽。俎豆壶觞，鲜或静嘉。诸子诸妇，班行少缀。乃有以戒宾之故，而改将事之期；出庖下之馂，以易荐新之品者，而归氏几于不祀矣。
小子顾瞻庐舍，阅归氏之故籍，慨然太息流涕曰：“嗟乎！此独非素节翁之后乎？而何以至于斯！”父母，兄弟吾身也。祖宗，父母之本也。族人，兄弟之分也。不可以不思也。人之生也，方其少，兄弟呱呱怀中，饱而相嬉，不知有彼我也。长而有室，则其情已不类矣。比其有子也，则兄弟之相视，已如从兄弟之相视矣。方是时，惟恐夫去之不速，而孰念夫合之难，此天下之势所以日趋于离也。吾爱其子而离其兄弟，吾之子亦各念其子，则相离之害，遂及于吾子，可谓能爱其子耶？
有光每侍家君，岁时从诸父兄弟执觞上寿，见祖父皤然白发，窃自念吾诸父兄弟，其始一祖父而已。今每不能相同，未尝不深自伤悼也。然天下之事，坏之者自一人始，成之者亦自一人始。仁孝之君子能以身率天下之人，而况于骨肉之间乎？古人所以立宗子者，以仁孝之道责之也。宗法废而天下无世家。无世家而孝友之意衰，风俗之薄日甚，有以也。
有光学圣人之道，通于六经之大指。虽居穷守约，不录于有司，而窃观天下之治乱，生民之利病，每有隐忧于心。而视其骨肉，举目动心，将求所以合族者，而始于谱，故吾欲作为归氏之谱，而非徒谱也，求所以为谱者也。
(选自《震川先生集》，有删改)
6.对下列加点词的解释，不正确的一项是(3分)()
A.居常不自释释：宽解
B.贫穷而不知恤恤：救济
C.以仁孝之道责之也责：责备
D.不录于有司于：表被动
解析：选C责：要求。
7.下列对文中相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是(3分)()
A.故事：旧指过去的一些典章制度，或者指例行的事情，文中指家族先人的旧事。
B.家君：古时表尊敬的人称敬辞，指在表示敬重时称自己或者别人的父亲。
C.诸父：原是古代天子对同姓诸侯或诸侯对同姓大夫的称呼，后用为叔伯辈的通称。
D.六经：指《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》，“六经”的说法战国后期才出现。
解析：选B“家君”只是对别人称自己的父亲，称呼别人的父亲可用“令尊”“尊君”等。
8.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。 (8分)
(1)死不相吊，喜不相庆；入门而私其妻子，出门而诳其父兄。 (4 )
翻译：
(2)比其有子也，则兄弟之相视，已如从兄弟之相视矣。 (4 )
翻译：
参考答案：(1)亲人去世不去相互安慰，有喜事不去相互庆贺；到家只知偏爱自己的妻子儿女，出门就欺骗父母兄弟。(“吊”，安慰，1分；“私”，偏爱，1分；“诳”，欺骗，1分；句意通顺，1分)
(2)等到他们有了子女，那么兄弟间相待的情感，已经如同堂兄弟间相待的情感。(“比”，等到，1分；“则”，那么，1分；“相视”，相待的情感，1分；句意通顺，1分)
9.结合全文，简要概括归有光写作《家谱记》的意图。 (4 )
回答：
解析：作答本题，需要先划分文章层次。本文第2、3两段叙述族人分离情况，第4段论及家风与世风的关系，最后一段总括写作意图。然后根据第2、3段内容和末段的“而视其骨肉，举目动心，将求所以合族者，而始于谱”，可概括出“凝聚族人”；根据第4段内容和末段的“窃观天下之治乱，生民之利病，每有隐忧于心”，可概括出“扭转世风”。
参考答案：①凝聚族人；②扭转世风。(“凝聚族人”，2分；“扭转世风”，2分；如果答出“纪念先人”“宣传教化”或“恢复家族秩序”，每点可给1分)
[参考译文]我七八岁时，见到家中的长辈，就拉着他的衣服询问先人旧事。大概是因为我幼年时就失去了母亲，平时不能宽解自己，对于死去的人恐怕不能了解他的事迹，对于活着的人恐怕不能成事，实在是受了很大的创伤，内心十分痛苦。
归氏家族到我出生时，一天天地更加衰败。家族历史悠久而最终分离，人口众多但人心离散。从我的祖辈到各位叔父以来，贪婪粗鄙狡诈暴戾的人，常常有很多在家族中出现。大概上百人聚集在一起，竟没有一个知道学习的。大概十个学习的，却没有一个懂得礼义的。亲人贫穷却不知道救济，愚昧迟钝却不知道教育。亲人去世不去相互安慰，有喜事不去相互庆贺；到家只知偏爱自己的妻子儿女，出门就欺骗父母兄弟。平时招待朋友，有时能花费千钱，但是在一年中重要的节日，祭献祖先时，却谋划甚微。祭祀盛食物用的礼器、酒壶酒杯，很少有洁净美好的。家中的男女祭祀时站队都连不成队列。更有甚者，竟然有因为请人观礼的缘故，改变将要举行祭祀的日期；用厨房里吃剩下的残羹剩肴，来替换新供上的祭品，归氏家族几乎到了没有祭祀的.
我回去看老宅，阅览了归氏的旧书，慷慨激愤叹息流泪说：“唉，这些人难道不是素节翁的后人吗？为什么到了这个地步呢！”父母是我们兄弟生命共同的来源。祖宗是我们父母的根本。族人都有兄弟的情分。不能忘记啊。人刚出生，当他们年幼时，兄弟在亲人怀中呱呱哭泣，吃饱了就一起嬉戏，不分彼此。年长有了家室后，那么他们的情感已经不像这样了。等到他们有了子女，那么兄弟间相待的情感，已经如同堂兄弟间相待的情感。在这时，只担心兄弟分离得不迅速，哪里还会想着亲人聚集的难处，这也是天下的形势趋向于分离的原因。假如我爱自己的子女却离散了自己的兄弟，我的子女也各自想着自己的子女，那么亲人离散的害处就殃及到我的子女，这能说是爱自己的子女吗？
我每次侍奉父亲，一年里重要的节日跟着各位叔父、兄弟端着酒杯祝寿，看到祖父须发皆白，暗中想我的各位叔父兄弟，都是始于同一祖父罢了。现在却常常不能同心，未曾不深深独自感伤。然而天下的事，破坏它的人是从一个人开始，成就它的人也是从一个人开始。仁孝的君子能凭自身带领天下的人，更何况骨肉之间呢？古代的人立大宗的嫡子为继承人的原因，就是用仁孝的道理来要求他。调整家族关系的制度废除了，天下就没有门第高贵、世代为官的人家了。没有了世家，那么孝敬父母友爱兄弟的情意就衰微了，社会风尚的浮薄就一天比一天厉害，有道理啊。
我学习圣人的道理，通晓儒家六经的大概旨意。虽然我过着贫困简朴的生活，不被官府录用，但私下观察天下治乱，老百姓休养生息的利弊，常在内心有所忧虑。我看看自己的亲人，内心有所触动，打算寻求用来使族人凝聚的办法，而族人凝聚开始于家谱，所以我想要写归氏的家谱，不仅仅是记载，更是用来寻求写家谱的意义。
宜黄县县学记[宋]曾巩
盖凡人之起居、饮食、动作之小事，至于修身为国家天下之大体，皆自学出，而无斯须去于教也。其动于视听四支者，必使其洽于内；其谨于初者，必使其要于终。驯之以自然，而待之以积久。 Alas!何其至也。故其俗之成，则刑罚措；其材之成，则三公百官得其士；其为法之永，则中材可以守；其入人之深，则虽更衰世而不乱。为教之极至此，鼓舞天下，而人不知其从之，岂用力也哉！
及三代衰，圣人之制作尽坏，千余年之间，学有存者，亦非古法。人之体性之举动，唯其所自肆，而临政治人之方，固不素讲。士有聪明朴茂之质，而无教养之渐，则其材之不成，固然。盖以不学未成之材，而为天下之吏，又承衰弊之后，而治不教之民。 Alas!仁政之所以不行，贼盗刑罚之所以积，其不以此也欤！
宋兴几百年矣。庆历三年，天子图当世之务，而以学为先，于是天下之学乃得立。而方此之时，抚州之宜黄犹不能有学。士之学者皆相率而寓于州，以群聚讲习。其明年，天下之学复废，士亦皆散去。皇佑元年，会令李君详至，始议立学。而县之士某某与其徒，皆自以谓得发愤于此，莫不相励而趋为之。故其材不赋而羡，匠不发而多。其相基会作之本末，总为日若干而已，何其周且速也！当四方学废之初，有司之议，固以谓学者人情之所不乐。及观此学之作，在其废学数年之后，唯其令之一唱，而四境之内响应，而图之如恐不及。则夫言人之情不乐于学者，其果然也欤？
宜黄之学者，固多良士；而李君之为令，威行爱立，讼清事举，其政又良也。夫及良令之时，而顺其慕学发愤之俗，作为宫室教肄之所，以至图书器用之须，莫不皆有，以养其良材之士。虽古之去今远矣，然圣人之典籍皆在，其言可考，其法可求，使其相与学而明之。若夫正心修身，使一人之行修，移之于一家，一家之行修移之于乡邻族党，则一县之风俗成，人材出矣。教化之行，道德之归，非远人也，可不勉欤！县之士来请曰：“愿有记。”其记之。(选自《曾巩集》，有删节)
1.对下列加点词的解释，不正确的一项是(3分)()
A.则刑罚措措：搁置B．圣人之制作尽坏制作：创设的教育制度
C.故其材不赋而羡羡：(令人)羡慕D．而无教养之渐渐：熏陶
3.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。 (8分)
(1)为教之极至此，鼓舞天下，而人不知其从之，岂用力也哉！ (4 )
翻译：
(2)仁政之所以不行，贼盗刑罚之所以积，其不以此也欤！ (4 )
翻译：
4.本文中，曾巩认为教育的功能有哪些？请概括说明。 (4 )
回答：
解析：选C羡：多余。
参考答案：(1)进行教化的极限达到这样的地步，鼓舞天下人，但人们却意识不到自己跟着它走，哪里用得着用强制手段(强力)啊！
(2)仁政不能推行的原因，贼寇强盗案件累积的原因，难道不是因为这些吗？
解析：本题答题依据在第1段，根据“起居、饮食、动作之小事，至于修身为国家天下之大体”分出“小”“大”两个方面，结合“必使其洽于内”等句意思，可以归纳出“小可以影响人的行为举止，修身齐家”；结合“刑罚措”“三公百官得其士”“中材可以守”，可以归纳出“大可以改善社参考答案：小可以影响人的行为举止，修身齐家；大可以改善社会风气，推行仁政。(每点2分)
[参考译文]大凡人的起居、饮食、动作这一类的小事，直至修身养性、管理国家的本领，都从学习中得来，而且片刻也离不开学习。那些耳目和四肢要做的事情，一定要让它和内心协调一致；在开始就谨慎对待的地方，必然要把它贯彻到底。根据习性使他们循序渐进，用日积月累的良好习惯促使他们成功。 oops!这是多么周到啊。所以良好的风气形成之后，刑法就搁置不用了；那样的人才培养成功，三公、百官就有了可用的文人；把它作为法式坚持不懈，中等资质的人就可以做到安分守己；它深入人心，即使经历衰败的年代，人们也不会动乱。进行教化的极限达到这样的地步，鼓舞天下人，但人们却意识不到自己跟着它走，哪里用得着用强制手段(强力)啊！
等到夏商周三代衰落之后，圣人创设的教育制度全部被破坏，一千多年之间，虽然教育有存留的，但也不是古代的方法了。人们的本性举止，只管随心所欲，当官治理民众的方法，本来就一向没有研讨练习。读书人具备聪明厚道的资质，如果没有受到教育的熏陶，那么他们就不能成才，确实如此。用那些尚未取得成就的人去做天下的官吏，又处在世道衰微凋敝之后，去治理没有受过教化的百姓。 oops!仁政不能推行的原因，贼寇强盗案件累积的原因，难道不是因为这些吗？
宋朝建立几百年了。庆历三年，天子考虑当世的事情，把振兴教育当作首要事务，因此天下各地的学校才得以设立。但这个时候，抚州的宜黄县仍然没有学校。那些读书的学子们都一起寄居在州府的学校里，聚集在一起，讲论演习。第二年，天下各地的学校再次废止，学子们也就离散而去。皇佑元年，适逢县令李详到任，才商量设立学校。而县中读书人某某和他的门徒，都以为在这件事情上要发奋努力，没有人不互相勉励，争着去做兴办学校这件事。所以所需建材不摊派还有剩余，工匠不征调却有超额。选地址，并行施工，从头到尾，一共采用若干天，这是多么周到又迅速啊！ 当各地学校刚刚废弃，官员在讨论兴办学校的时候，坚定地认为读书人从内心是不想学习。等到看这所学校的创办，在它被废弃多年之后，只是它的县令的一个倡议，全县内的百姓就立即响应，而且付诸实施都像是害怕来不及。那么那些说人们不想学习的话，难道真的是这样吗？
宜黄县求学的人中本来就有很多优秀的学子。而李君担任该县县令，威望得到树立，仁爱得到彰显，诉讼平息，政事大有起色，他的管理又好。趁着好县令在任的时候，如果随着当地崇尚学习、发奋读书的风气，那么，建成的房屋校舍这些场所，以至图书、器物、用具这些必需品，没有不是用来培养具有良好资质的学生的.尽管古代距离现在很遥远了，但是圣人的典籍依然存世，他们的言论还可以考据，他们制定的那些法则依然可以求取，让学子们共同学习并理解它。如果使内心纯正，修养好自身，推广到一家，一家的品行得到修明，再推广到乡里邻里、同一族的亲戚中去。这样，整个县里的风俗就会形成了，人才就涌现出来。教化的推行，道德的归属，并不远离人世啊，能够不受勉励吗？宜黄县的学子来请求说：“希望有一篇记。”我于是就写下这篇记。
道山亭记曾巩
闽，故隶周者也。至秦，开其地，列于中国，始并为闽中郡。自粤之太末，与吴之豫章，为其通路。其路在闽者，陆出则阸于两山之间，山相属无间断，累数驿乃一得平地，小为县，大为州，然其四顾亦山也。其途或逆坂如缘，或垂崖如一发，或侧径钩出于不测之溪上：皆石芒峭发，择然后可投步。负戴者虽其土人，犹侧足然后能进。非其土人，罕不踬也。其溪行，则水皆自高泻下，石错出其间，如林立，如士骑满野，千里下上，不见首尾。水行其隙间，或衡缩蟉糅，或逆走旁射，其状若蚓结，若虫镂，其旋若轮，其激若矢。舟溯沿者，投便利，失毫分，辄破溺。虽其土长川居之人，非生而习水事者，不敢以舟楫自任也。其水陆之险如此。汉尝处其众江淮之间而虚其地，盖以其陿多阻，岂虚也哉？
福州治侯官，于闽为土中，所谓闽中也。其地于闽为最平以广，四出之山皆远，而长江(闽江)其南，大海在其东，其城之内外皆涂，旁有沟，沟通潮汐，舟载者昼夜属于门庭.麓多桀木，而匠多良能。人以屋室巨丽相矜，虽下贫必丰其居，而佛、老子之徒，其宫又特盛。城之中三山，西曰闽山，东曰九仙山，北曰粤王山，三山者鼎趾立。其附山，盖佛、老子之宫以数十百，其瑰诡殊绝之状，盖已尽人力。
光禄卿、直昭文馆程公为是州，得闽山嵚崟之际，为亭于其处，其山川之胜，城邑之大，宫室之荣，不下簟席而尽于四瞩。程公以谓在江海